Resources

Pattern and discoloration in maple resulting from fungus brought on by a burrowing ambrosia beetle

Pattern of small rounded spots shown as a random occurrence

Measure of volume (i.e. 1"x12"x12" or 2"x 6"x12"= 1 board ft

Whorl type pattern resulting from injury or growth on tree

Darkening of wood through heat process

Arched like grain revealed in plain saw cuts

Most even color and least amount of defects

Small wood pores

Cut across the grain

Produced when longitudinal cells grow in waves as random occurrence

Concave shape resulting from excessive moisture problems

Rapid part of annual growth of tree (lighter and wider part of grain)

Figuring exposed when cut parallel to medullary rays, most notably in oak

Wavy figuring that runs parallel to the grain caused by distortion in growth of wood fibers

Natural darkening of wood through exposure to ammonia fumes, most notable in woods with high tannin content such as white oak

Deciduous broad leaf trees

Center (non-functioning) part of tree producing darker wood

Concentric rings of wood resulting from annual speed of growth

Determined by color variation and amount of defects including amount and size of knots

Density measured by compression of steel ball 1/4" into surface of wood

Markings originated from where a branch grew on the tree

Slow part of annual growth of tree (darker and more narrow part of grain)

Process of white finish applied to open grained surface of wood, primarily in oak

Measurement of length of foot

Located directly beneath the bark where wood growth is generated

Tissues formed radially across annual rings, most obvious in oak

Large wood pores

Cut parallel to grain direction and tangent to growth rings, produces most usable amount of lumber

Cut parallel to grain direction but through the radius of growth rings

Cut perpendicular to grain direction and growth rings which produces a very lineal pattern

Planks that haven't been squared or smoothed

Outer (vital) growth of tree producing lighter wood

Partially planed side exposing wood grain

Coniferous (produces cones) trees

Discoloration producing fine irregular lines that are caused by fungal decay, most common in maple and oak

Measurement of 12" x 12" area

Biological classification that shares certain characteristics

Deviation from flat surface often caused by moisture considerations